Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers: The Prefrontal Cortex, Catecholamines, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Psychostimulants as cognitive enhancers: the prefrontal cortex, catecholamines, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Psychostimulants exert behavioral-calming and cognition-enhancing actions in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Contrary to early views, extensive research demonstrates that these actions are not unique to ADHD. Specifically, when administered at low and clinically relevant doses, psychostimulants improve a variety of behavioral and cognitive processes dependent o...
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Recent increases in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses, and the escalation of stimulant prescriptions, has raised concern about diversion and abuse of stimulants, as well as the ethics of using these drugs as "cognitive enhancers."Such concern appears misplaced in the face of substantial evidence that stimulant drugs do not improve the academic performance of ADHD-diagnos...
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Methylphenidate and other psychostimulants, originally developed to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, are increasingly abused by healthy adolescents and adults seeking an advantage in scholastic performance and work productivity. However, how these drugs may affect cognitive performance, especially in the young brain, remains unclear. Here, we review recent literature and emphasiz...
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Imagine looking out over the patrons in a restaurant as one of them looks up from their plate of food and makes eye contact with you. The change in the visual image on your retina is miniscule, yet the knowledge gained is great. A tiny change in the movements of another person’s eyes lets you know instantly that they are looking at you, know that you are also looking at them, and feel a particu...
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One of the enduring mysteries of brain function concerns the process of cognitive control. How does complex and seemingly willful behaviour emerge from interactions between millions of neurons? This has long been suspected to depend on the prefrontal cortex--the neocortex at the anterior end of the brain--but now we are beginning to uncover its neural basis. Nearly all intended behaviour is lea...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Biological Psychiatry
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0006-3223
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.023